Physics (from Ancient Greek: φύσις physis "nature") is a natural science that involves the study ofmatter[1] and its motion through spacetime, as well as all related concepts, including energy and force.[2]More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universebehaves.[3][4][5]
Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its
inclusion ofastronomy.[6] Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 16th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right.[7] Certain research areas are interdisciplinary, such as mathematical physics and quantum chemistry, which means that the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries physicalismemerged as a major unifying feature of the philosophy of science as physics provides fundamental explanations for every observed natural phenomenon. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences, while opening to new research areas in mathematics and philosophy.
Physics is also significant and influential through advances in its understanding that have translated into new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances inthermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
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